On the possible meteorological factors contributing to lightning-ignited wildfires in West Sichuan: A case study of MuLi wildfire in March 2019
May 2026
Lightning-ignited wildfires (LIWs) are a significant type of natural disaster in forest ecosystems. However, due to their high randomness and complexity, they remain difficult to detect and precisely...
A multi-temporal convolutional attention network for South Indian Ocean Dipole prediction
Available online 22 May 2026
The South Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) is another critical sea surface temperature (SST) mode in the Indian Ocean besides the Indian Ocean Basin Mode (IOBM) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). It plays...
X-band phased-array radar data assimilation for a case study on a weak tornado numerical simulation in the westerlies
Available online 22 May 2026
This study examines a weak tornado event triggered by a westerly trough in Foshan, Guangdong, on 19 June 2022, using high-resolution numerical simulations initialized with X-band phased-array radar...
A novel index for regional stratospheric wave reflection and its impact on surface air temperature over North America
Available online 22 May 2026
Accurately identifying stratospheric wave reflection is crucial for understanding wintertime extremes. Using ERA5 (fifth generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis) data from 1979 to 2023, this study establishes...
Upper Hadley circulation intensity response to future global warming scenarios
Available online 22 May 2026
The upper-level intensity of the Hadley circulation (UP-HCI) is critical for subtropical climate and extreme events, as it directly governs the poleward transport capacity in the upper troposphere....
Inter-model diversity among CMIP6 models in simulating summer precipitation over Zambia
Available online 21 May 2026
Precipitation over southern Africa remains highly uncertain in coupled climate models. This study investigates inter-model diversity in the climatological austral summer precipitation over Zambia during...
Regionally distinct drivers of intensifying summer concurrent hot and dry events in China
Available online 20 May 2026
Concurrent hot and dry events (CHDEs) have become increasingly frequent and intense in recent decades, posing severe threats to ecosystems, agricultural systems, and human society. This study investigated...
Development of a paddy rice module coupled with the Noah-MP-Crop model
Available online 20 May 2026
The expansion of rice cultivation significantly influences regional climate change due to flooded conditions with a surface water layer. By incorporating dynamic surface water depth, plant height, and...
On the nonstationary characteristics of near-surface turbulent fluxes over farmland
Available online 20 May 2026
Based on full-year data collected in 2017 at Shouxian Station in Anhui Province, China, this study investigates the characteristics of nonstationary turbulence over farmland. The results show that nonstationary...
Dynamical controls on subseasonal forecast skill of dry-to-wet whiplash events over China
Available online 20 May 2026
Dry-to-wet whiplash (DWW) events, characterized by a rapid transition between persistent opposite precipitation extremes, represent a temporally sequential compound extreme rather than an isolated anomaly....
Orbital variability of Eocene climates in western East Asia: A modeling study
Available online 15 May 2026
Geological records indicate that in western East Asia, particularly at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, basins start to show significant sediments cycles during the middle to late Eocene,...
Attribution of Northern Hemisphere summer monsoon intensification in the mid-Pliocene: Insights from PlioMIP2
Available online 14 May 2026
To project the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer monsoon under global warming, it is necessary to fully understand the effects of major climatic forcings including increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations...
Multidecadal variability of Northern Hemisphere land monsoon precipitation dominated by explosive volcanic eruptions over the last millennium
Available online 14 May 2026
Volcanic eruptions are among the most profound sources of natural external radiative forcing of the climate system, imparting significant impacts on global and regional climate. Previous studies have...
Variations of the Hadley circulation in the past 250 million years
Available online 14 May 2026
Extensive studies have consistently demonstrated the widening and weakening of the Hadley circulation (HC) under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in modern and projected future climates. However,...
Evolution of East Asian cold extremes under different phases of Arctic Oscillation: Insights from Local Finite-Amplitude Wave Activity budget analysis
Available online 14 May 2026
East Asian cold extremes are typically associated with large-amplitude, localized Rossby wave disturbances, whose finite-amplitude nature challenges linear interpretations and hinders quantitative dynamical...
Characterization of leachate generation rate and greenhouse gas emissions from waste incineration
Available online 13 May 2026
With increasing waste treatment volumes and rising incineration proportions, leachate production from waste incineration inevitably increases. As a high-concentration organic wastewater, its biological...
Simulation studies of climate and water isotopes in North America during the Last Deglaciation
Available online 12 May 2026
North America experienced the most extensive deglacial ice-sheet changes, critically reorganizing the Northern Hemisphere climate. However, the climatic interpretation of speleothem oxygen isotopes...
Improved sea surface wind retrievals from dual-frequency backscatter measurements of the FY-3E WindRAD scatterometer
Available online 9 May 2026
WindRAD, onboard the FY-3E satellite, is the first operational scatterometer capable of providing synchronous C- and Ku-band backscatter measurements. This study evaluates the in-orbit performance of...
A case study of anomalous horizontal heat transport by an anticyclonic warm eddy in the Canada Basin
Available online 8 May 2026
The widely active mesoscale processes in the Canada Basin, such as subsurface eddies, have a significant impact on the heat redistribution in the upper ocean and sea ice dynamics. This study utilized...
Holocene volcanic activity shaped centennial-scale variability of Northern Hemisphere land monsoon rainfall
Available online 4 May 2026
Understanding the long-term evolution and variability of the Northern Hemisphere land monsoon rainfall (NHLMR) is crucial for interpreting past hydroclimate changes and assessing future monsoon responses....
State of China’s atmospheric environment in 2025
Available online 2 May 2026
The year 2025 experienced appreciable improvements in both PM2.5 and O3 air quality over China but with strong regional differences. Relative to 2022–2024, the national PM2.5 concentration in 2025 was...
Contrasting northern and southern East Asian temperature responses to orbital forcing during the late Eocene
Available online 30 April 2026
During the late Eocene, East Asian climate evolved under the combined influence of global cooling, paleogeographic reorganization, and orbital forcing, yet how these factors interacted to shape regional...
Contrasting diurnal peaks and environmental controls of localized summer rainfall over the Yangtze–Huai River Basin
Available online 24 April 2026
Rainfall processes can be classified by the relative timing of their intensity peak into Early-peaking and Late-peaking patterns, yet their contrasting diurnal behaviors and controlling environments...
Physically constrained AI-driven initial conditions enhance refined weather forecasting over the Tibetan Plateau
Available online 22 April 2026
To address the challenges of refined numerical weather prediction in complex terrain regions, the authors developed a hybrid regional forecast framework (NG-WRF) driven by NeuralGCM (NG), a physically...
Design of a networked marine weather observer for typhoon observations
Available online 20 April 2026
Frequent typhoon landfalls inflict substantial losses of life and property. Their genesis, rapid intensification, and track changes remain three key challenges in typhoon research. High spatiotemporal...