An assessment of mesoscale eddies simulated by a global eddy-resolving ocean forecast system in the South China Sea
March 2026
This research evaluates the performance of an eddy-resolving forecast system (LFS) in simulating mesoscale eddies over the South China Sea (SCS) through a comparative analysis with satellite observations...
Impact of refined oceanic model resolution on the simulation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in LICOM3
March 2026
The present study compares the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the North Atlantic from two simulations by an oceanic general circulation model with 1° × 1° and 0.1° × 0.1° resolution,...
Combined LFS and ConvLSTM to forecast marine heatwaves: a case study
March 2026
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) significantly impact marine ecosystems and socioeconomic development, yet accurately forecasting MHWs remains a challenge. This study developed an...
Drivers of the Earth’s interhemispheric temperature gradient through the Phanerozoic Eon
Available online 27 March 2026
The interhemispheric temperature gradient (ITG) is a pivotal factor in shaping Earth’s climatic spatial patterns, modulating the position of tropical rain belts and global atmospheric circulation. Based...
Improving soil moisture simulation in arid and semi-arid regions through incorporation of soil vapor transport
Available online 23 March 2026
Soil moisture plays a central role in land–atmosphere interactions, yet land surface models commonly exhibit systematic wet biases and unrealistically slow soil drying in arid and semi-arid regions....
Breaking the computational barrier in high-resolution weather forecasting with decoupled training
Available online 20 March 2026
Achieving high-resolution global AI weather forecasts remains computationally prohibitive, constrained by extensive GPU memory demands and prolonged training times. Existing approaches impose trade-offs—balancing...
Dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms of Miocene South Asian summer monsoon rainfall enhancement driven by African topography evolution
Available online 19 March 2026
The evolution of African topography has recently been proposed as a key driver of the multi-stage Miocene development of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); however, the dynamic and thermodynamic...
Machine learning attribution and projection of extreme precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau
Available online 16 March 2026
Increasingly extreme precipitation on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) threatens infrastructure, ecosystems, and livelihoods. However, traditional linear models are limited in capturing nonlinear drivers and...
Shifting precipitation response over southern China during El Niño-decaying summer in the PMIP4 simulations of the Last Interglacial
Available online 16 March 2026
How the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) modulates summer precipitation in southern China is a long-standing issue, given its substantial socioeconomic impacts on floods and droughts. To better understand...
Statistical characteristics of the initial size of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific
Available online 14 March 2026
Using ERA5 data (1998–2023), this study systematically analyzes the statistical characteristics of the initial size of tropical cyclones (TCs) over the western North Pacific. The initial size (InRvor10)...
What are the major environmental factors influencing the intensification rate of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific?
Available online 13 March 2026
The intensification rate (IR) of tropical cyclones (TCs) is influenced by environmental conditions. Atmospheric and oceanic conditions for TC intensification are non-uniform in the western North Pacific...
Modeling Eocene Asian climate with geologically revised paleogeography
Available online 12 March 2026
The Eocene was one of the warmest intervals of the Cenozoic, during which the Asian hydroclimate reorganized alongside major tectonic and paleogeographic changes. Yet, large uncertainties in the paleotopography...
Reduced ITCZ meridional asymmetry under global warming in CMIP6 models
Available online 11 March 2026
The annual-mean Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) locates in the northern tropics and exhibits a pronounced hemispheric asymmetry. Many studies have explained this interhemispheric asymmetry from...
Improving seasonal prediction skill for South China heatwaves based on circulation classification and machine learning
Available online 10 March 2026
Due to the diverse circulation backgrounds of South China heatwaves, this study employed circulation-based classification and machine learning to improve seasonal prediction skill of heatwaves. Specifically,...
The interannual co-evolution of the East Asian subtropical westerly jet and East Asian summer monsoon in three typical climate periods over the past millennium
Available online 10 March 2026
Based on a set of transient simulations over the past millennium, this study applies multivariate empirical orthogonal function (MVEOF) analysis to investigate the interannual relationship between the...
Variation of the summer westerly jet in East Asia during the last deglaciation and its influence on precipitation
Available online 10 March 2026
The variation of the upper-level subtropical westerly jet over East Asia (EASWJ) in summer during the last deglaciation (LD) and its impact on precipitation distributions in China are investigated using...
On the relationship between tropical cyclone intensity and characteristics of the tropopause in the North Atlantic based on COSMIC-2 observations
Available online 9 March 2026
This study investigates the mutual connections between tropical cyclone (TC) intensification and tropopause characteristics during TCs using high-resolution GPS radio occultation observations from 2020...
Influence of the 2023 Indian Ocean Dipole on the delayed occurrence of the autumn Wyrtki Jet
Available online 6 March 2026
This study utilizes an ocean model (the Coastal and Regional Ocean Community Model) to investigate the delayed outbreak of the autumn Wyrtki Jet (aWJ) during the 2023 positive Indian Ocean Dipole (PIOD)...
A systematic approach to developing an effective AI-based bias correction model
Available online 6 March 2026
This study introduces ReSA-ConvLSTM, an AI framework for systematic bias correction in numerical weather prediction. The authors propose three innovations by integrating dynamic climatological normalization,...
Contrasting responses of North American and Asian climates to orbital forcing during the Late Cretaceous
Available online 6 March 2026
Stratigraphic records from Asia and North America indicate that Late Cretaceous climates on both continents were modulated by orbital forcing. To improve the integration and correlation of their climatic...
Increased interannual variability of temperature over China during the last interglacial and last glacial maximum: Magnitudes and asymmetric seasonal patterns
Available online 5 March 2026
Based on multimodel simulations from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), this study analyzes the interannual variability of near-surface air temperature over China during the...
Irrigation expansion–driven amplification of moist-heat stress in dry regions
Available online 5 March 2026
The impacts of irrigation on moist-heat stress have been well-documented in intensively irrigated regions. However, the sensitivity of moist-heat stress to irrigation expansion and its relationship...
Two types of low-level jets in China during the warm season: Observational climatology from radiosonde data
Available online 2 March 2026
Low-level jets (LLJs) are widespread across China and significantly shape warm-season precipitation. This study provides the first observational climatology of two LLJ types—boundary-layer jets (BLJs)...
Changes in the impact of MJO-induced oceanic Kelvin waves on ENSO during 1981–2021
Available online 2 March 2026
The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) influences the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) primarily by exciting intraseasonal oceanic Kelvin waves that modulate the central-eastern Pacific thermocline....
Spatiotemporal impacts of different mechanisms on sea surface salinity variations during tropical cyclones in the South China Sea
Available online 28 February 2026
The sea surface salinity (SSS) responses to tropical cyclones (TCs) can indirectly modulate TC-induced cooling responses, thereby influencing the development of TC intensity. However, the contributions...