Impacts of isolated hills on daytime shallow convective clouds in southeastern China
September 2026
Shallow-convective clouds (SCCs) play important roles in the Earth system. Previous studies have mostly focused on SCCs over the oceans or over the plains. This study, however, focused on SCCs over...
On the interpretability and CO2 sensitivity of machine learning–based stomatal conductance models
September 2026
Stomatal conductance (gs), which quantifies the openness of stomata in leaves, is a critical parameter for modeling transpiration in land surface models. While machine learning (ML) approaches may improve...
On adiabatic heat sources/sinks driving the heating/cooling of a single column of compressible atmosphere
September 2026
A theoretical description of adiabatic sources and sinks of heat in the atmosphere is presented, based on a simplified analytical solution to the problem of equilibrium in a single column of compressible...
Seasonal variability of the Agulhas Front’s position and intensity: Insights from satellite-derived sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration data
September 2026
Frontal zones function both as thermal boundaries demarcating water masses and as ecological transition zones. This study proposes a “range–gradient” methodology to investigate the seasonal variability...
Buoyancy component coefficient in second-order closure models for scalar fluxes in stable boundary layers
September 2026
The absence of a theoretical description of the stability dependence of the buoyancy component coefficient poses challenges for parameterizing turbulent transport in stably stratified atmospheric boundary...
Subregional division of the rainy season onset over Southwest China and its distinct mechanisms
Available online 23 September 2026
The rainy season onset (RSO) over Southwest China (SWC) critically affects regional droughts and floods. Most previous studies treated the regional RSO over SWC as a single object, thereby overlooking...
Target conditioning reveals a skill trade-off in rapid-intensification prediction for western North Pacific typhoons
Available online 7 September 2026
Rapid intensification (RI) is rare enough that objectives optimized over all tropical cyclone cases may attenuate its wind-change signal. We test whether target conditioning improves RI prediction without...
Dataset descriptions for long-term observations of land–atmosphere exchange fluxes and meteorological element profiles at SORPES in the Yangtze River Delta
Available online 27 August 2026
The datasets of long-term observations of land–atmosphere exchange fluxes and meteorological element profiles at the Station for Observing Regional Processes of Earth System (SORPES) in the western...
Sea surface inflow angle asymmetries show tropical cyclone movements
Available online 27 August 2026
Despite extensive efforts in dynamic analysis, numerical modeling, ensemble forecasting, and machine learning having led to improved tropical cyclone (TC) movement forecasting over the last century,...
A dynamic grayscale-triggered hydrometeor particle observation system with automatic detection and tracking
Available online 27 August 2026
A novel high-speed area-array imaging instrument, the Dynamic Grayscale-Triggered Hydrometeor Particle Observation System (DGHOS), is presented for comprehensive observation of hydrometeor particles....
A climatology of the tropopause transition layer over the Asian summer monsoon derived from COSMIC radio occultation
Available online 24 August 2026
The Asian summer monsoon (ASM) system is a significant pathway for lifting lower tropospheric water vapor and pollution into the global stratosphere, yet the structure of the overlying tropopause transition...
Interdecadal antiphase covariability between temperature and ozone over the mid–high latitudes of Eurasia in spring
Available online 24 August 2026
Springtime ozone–temperature coupling in the mid-to-high latitudes of Eurasia has important implications for regional climate and ecosystems, yet its decadal evolution and driving mechanisms remain...
Physical impacts of integrating excess ice into Earth system models on pan‑Arctic permafrost simulations
Available online 20 August 2026
Excess ice refers to ground-ice bodies in permafrost whose volume exceeds the soil pore space, and its melting can cause abrupt permafrost thaw. However, only a few Earth system models (ESMs) currently...
Understanding future changes of extremely pluvial winters over the Yangtze–Huai River Basin using CMIP6 projections
Available online 19 August 2026
A significant wetting trend has been observed in the Yangtze–Huai River Basin (YHRB) during winter, suggesting an increasing risk of seasonal-scale extremely pluvial winters under global warming. Unlike...
Rapid decadal weakening of the South Asian summer monsoon circulation within the slow response to abrupt CO2 quadrupling
Available online 16 August 2026
Under greenhouse-gas-induced warming, the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) circulation measured by large-scale circulation indices such as the Webster–Yang and Monsoon Hadley indices is projected to...
Observed characteristics of cloud fraction over eastern China: A comparison of ISCCP and Himawari-8/9 cloud feature dataset
Available online 10 August 2026
Clouds are critical in regulating the Earth’s radiation budget. Current climate system models show notable biases over eastern China, whereas the traditional reference dataset of the International Satellite...
Quantifying predictor contributions to tropical cyclone intensity forecasting using Kolmogorov–Arnold Networks
Available online 6 August 2026
Deep learning models have considerably improved the accuracy of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity forecasting, yet their black-box nature limits physical interpretability. To overcome this limitation,...
Limited nonlinearity of joint ENSO–QBO effects from the stratosphere to the troposphere
July 2026
Previous studies have explored the possible impact of joint El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) forcings on the northern winter stratospheric circulation. This study...
Southwestward propagation mechanism of the 10–30-day oscillation along the eastern coast of East Asia in summer
July 2026
Intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) in mid and high latitudes is primarily characterized by zonal propagation on a global scale. However, in the Eurasian mid- and high-latitude regions, a distinct 10–30-day...
Heatwaves induce blood pressure elevations in elderly hypertensive populations: Evidence from a panel study
July 2026
Climate change has intensified extreme heat events, increasing cardiovascular risk, especially among older individuals with hypertension, due to compromised thermoregulation and vascular function. This...
Tropical cyclone intensity prediction based on Kolmogorov–Arnold networks with predictor pruning optimization
July 2026
Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction is crucial for disaster mitigation and public safety. However, current TC intensity prediction models are facing significant challenges, including...
Simulation of convective turbulent dust emissions over Horqin Sandy Land, China
July 2026
Dust emissions play a crucial role in Earth’s climate system. Although convective turbulent dust emissions (CTDE) are less intense than saltation bombardment dust emissions (SADE), their high frequency...
Tripolar trends in tropical cyclone precipitation along the western rim of the western North Pacific from 1999 to 2018
July 2026
This study identifies a tripolar pattern of tropical cyclone precipitation (TCP) trends in the western rim of the western North Pacific from 1999 to 2018, significantly impacting regional summer precipitation....
Prediction of the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon based on machine learning
July 2026
Accurately predicting the onset of the South China Sea (SCS) summer monsoon (SCSSM) is crucial for agricultural planning and disaster prevention for countries surrounding the SCS. However, due to the...
Climatic drivers of summer run-of-river hydropower generation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin: Synergistic effects of subtropical westerly jet dynamics and transregional teleconnections
July 2026
Based on ERA5 reanalysis and CN05.1 gridded observational datasets, this study investigates key meteorological drivers and cross-seasonal mechanisms influencing summer (June–July–August) run-of-river...