Trends and characteristics of global CH4 emissions: Insights from UNFCCC greenhouse gas inventories
September 2025
The trends and characteristics of global CH4 emissions were analyzed using greenhouse gas data reported by both Annex I and non-Annex I countries under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate...
Subseasonal impact of extreme Tibetan Plateau snow cover on the local atmosphere in summer
September 2025
Due to the high elevation and cold climate of the Tibetan Plateau, the western region retains extensive snow cover during the summer, which can exhibit rapid variability over the course of just a few...
Evaluation of surface wind speed over East Asia and the adjacent ocean in three reanalyses using satellite and in-situ observations
September 2025
Surface wind speed (SWS) not only plays a crucial role in regulating the Earth's energy and hydrological cycle, but also is an important source of sustainable renewable energy. This study assesses the...
A non-ENSO driver of the South China Sea winter monsoon: North Pacific sea ice
September 2025
The South China Sea winter monsoon (SCSWM), an integral component of the East Asian winter monsoon, connects extratropical and tropical regions. Utilizing ERA5 reanalysis and PAMIP simulations, the...
Impacts of observation-based cloud droplet size distributions on the simulation of warm stratiform precipitation using a double-moment microphysics scheme
September 2025
A double-moment cloud microphysics scheme requires an assumption for cloud droplet size distributions (DSDs). However, since observations of cloud DSDs are limited, default values for shape parameters...
Compound extreme events and health risks in China: A review
September 2025
Against the backdrop of global warming, China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events, with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions...
Evaluation of the Pangu model in forecasting rapid intensification of tropical cyclones
Available online 30 September 2025
To validate the Pangu model’s forecasting capability for the rapid intensification (RI) process of tropical cyclones (TCs), forecasts of different RI/non-RI TCs were produced both by the Weather Research...
Warming of the northern tropical Atlantic intensifies aridity in southeastern Africa
Available online 30 September 2025
October precipitation in southeastern Africa (SEA) is crucial as it marks the initiation of agricultural and hydrological activities. This study investigates the mechanism linking warming sea surface...
On the interpretability and CO2 sensitivity of machine learning–based stomatal conductance models
Available online 30 September 2025
Stomatal conductance (gs), which quantifies the openness of stomata in leaves, is a critical parameter for modeling transpiration in land surface models. While machine learning (ML) approaches may improve...
Buoyancy component coefficient in second-order closure models for scalar fluxes in stable boundary layers
Available online 29 September 2025
The absence of a theoretical description of the stability dependence of the buoyancy component coefficient poses challenges for parameterizing turbulent transport in stably stratified atmospheric boundary...
Impacts of isolated hills on daytime shallow convective clouds in southeastern China
Available online 25 September 2025
Shallow-convective clouds (SCCs) play important roles in the Earth system. Previous studies have mostly focused on SCCs over the oceans or over the plains. This study, however, focused on SCCs over...
Simulated carbon cycle response to ocean iron fertilization and artificial ocean alkalinization
Available online 23 September 2025
Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) and artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) are two proposed ocean-based carbon dioxide removal methods to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change. In this...
On adiabatic heat sources/sinks driving the heating/cooling of a single column of compressible atmosphere
Available online 20 September 2025
A theoretical description of adiabatic sources and sinks of heat in the atmosphere is presented, based on a simplified analytical solution to the problem of equilibrium in a single column of compressible...
Seasonal variability of the Agulhas Front’s position and intensity: Insights from satellite-derived sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a concentration data
Available online 16 September 2025
Frontal zones function both as thermal boundaries demarcating water masses and as ecological transition zones. This study proposes a “range–gradient” methodology to investigate the seasonal variability...
On the possible meteorological factors contributing to lightning-ignited wildfires in West Sichuan: A case study of MuLi wildfire in March 2019
Available online 6 September 2025
Lightning-ignited wildfires (LIWs) are a significant type of natural disaster in forest ecosystems. However, due to their high randomness and complexity, they remain difficult to detect and precisely...
Simulation of convective turbulent dust emissions over Horqin Sandy Land, China
Available online 31 August 2025
Dust emissions play a crucial role in Earth’s climate system. Although convective turbulent dust emissions (CTDE) are less intense than saltation bombardment dust emissions (SADE), their high frequency...
Observation of Typhoon Trami (2024)-induced energy cascade from near-inertial waves to diurnal internal tides
Available online 30 August 2025
Energy transfers among internal waves in the northern South China Sea are not well characterized, particularly during typhoons, owing to the lack of in situ observations. Based on high-resolution mooring...
Remote influence of the subtropical westerlies on the track of tropical cyclones in the Bay of Bengal
Available online 30 August 2025
This study investigates the remote influence of the subtropical westerlies on the tracks of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the Bay of Bengal (BOB) from 1979 to 2019, combining statistical analysis and numerical...
Disentangling the relative contributions of vertical pumping and horizontal transport to water-property anomalies within eddy cores in the southern Indian Ocean
Available online 27 August 2025
The eddies in the southernmost southern Indian Ocean exert major dynamical and biogeochemical influences on the Earth system. Therefore, disentangling the relative contributions of vertical pumping...
Vortex Rossby wave phase-locking as a driver of tropical cyclone track oscillations in negative helicity environments
Available online 26 August 2025
This study uses idealized numerical experiments to investigate the mechanisms underlying trochoidal oscillations in tropical cyclone (TC) tracks under conditions of negative TC-relative environmental...
Sensitivity of MJO simulation to the convective adjustment timescale in CAM6
Available online 22 August 2025
Previous studies have shown that simulating the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) in general circulation models (GCMs) can be greatly improved by adjusting the convective adjustment timescale (tau), a...
An assessment of mesoscale eddies simulated by a global eddy-resolving ocean forecast system in the South China Sea
Available online 22 August 2025
This research evaluates the performance of an eddy-resolving forecast system (LFS) in simulating mesoscale eddies over the South China Sea (SCS) through a comparative analysis with satellite observations...
Limited nonlinearity of joint ENSO–QBO effects from the stratosphere to the troposphere
Available online 18 August 2025
Previous studies have explored the possible impact of joint El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO)–Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) forcings on the northern winter stratospheric circulation. This study...
Tropical cyclone intensity prediction based on Kolmogorov–Arnold networks with predictor pruning optimization
Available online 13 August 2025
Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) intensity prediction is crucial for disaster mitigation and public safety. However, current TC intensity prediction models are facing significant challenges, including...
Evaluating vector winds over eastern China in 2022 predicted by the CMA-MESO model and ECMWF forecast
July 2025
Vector winds play a crucial role in weather and climate, as well as the effective utilization of wind energy resources. However, limited research has been conducted on treating the wind field as a vector...