State of China’s climate in 2024
Available online 9 June 2025
The year 2024 witnessed remarkable climatic anomalies across China, characterized by pronounced warm and wet conditions. The annual mean temperature soared to a record high since 1951, with seasonal...
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Climate change projections in Central Asia based on the CORDEX-CA-II high-resolution simulations
Available online 8 June 2025
This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia (CA) based on multi-regional climate model (RCM) outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia...
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Mechanisms of ENSO’s cross-seasonal modulation of winter–spring atmospheric river activity over East Asia
Available online 6 June 2025
In this study, based on MERRA-2 reanalysis data and a multi-algorithm integrated atmospheric river (AR) identification method, the authors reveal the cross-seasonal regulation mechanism of El Niño–Southern...
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Infrared brightness temperature–based indicators for identifying thunderstorm clouds: Insights from FY-4A satellite observations
Available online 2 June 2025
Accurate monitoring and timely identification of early indicators of thunderstorms are of paramount importance in preventing and mitigating the potential disasters associated with such meteorological...
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Impacts of El Niño–Southern Oscillation on global fire PM2.5 during 2000–2023
May 2025
The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a key driver of global climate variability, profoundly influencing regional fire activities and associated pollutant emissions. This study investigates the...
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Spatiotemporal characteristics of Universal Thermal Climate Index during five-year return period extreme heat events in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region
May 2025
Frequent extreme heat events exacerbated by global warming pose a significant threat to human health. However, the dynamic changes in human thermal comfort during such regional extremes remain understudied....
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Improving subseasonal forecasting of East Asian monsoon precipitation with deep learning
May 2025
Accurate subseasonal forecasting of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) precipitation is crucial, as it directly impacts the livelihoods of billions. However, the prediction skill of state-of-the-art subseasonal-to-seasonal...
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Upper-ocean cooling rate of the South China Sea in response to extreme cold surges and weak cold-air invasions
May 2025
Cold-surge events can lead to temperature drops and strong winds, which then leads to upper-ocean cooling and deepening of the mixed-layer depth, as illustrated in previous studies. In this study, based...
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A maximum sea surface salinity tongue in the North Brazil continental shelf
May 2025
The variability of the sea surface salinity measurements provided by the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission reveals the presence of a local salinity maximum (a salty tongue) in the northwestern...
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Analyzing uncertainty and constraining projections for future vegetation in mid-to-high-latitude Asia
May 2025
Mid-to-high-latitude Asia (MHA) is one of the regions most impacted by global warming and is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change on its ecosystems. The future vegetation changes in this...
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Effects of ocean wave spectra on the polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function matrix at Ku‐band and its implications on satellite backscattering simulations
May 2025
A polarized bidirectional reflectance distribution function (pBRDF) matrix is developed from two-scale roughness theory with the aim of providing more accurate simulations of microwave emissions and...
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Long-term variations of the solar energy in different subregions of Northwest China and associated mechanisms
May 2025
As a type of clean and pollution-free energy source, solar energy plays an important role in achieving the goals of carbon neutrality and global sustainable development. Northwest China occupies an...
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Physical characteristics of convective and non-convective cirrus clouds from CALIPSO data over the South China Sea
May 2025
Studying the characteristics and mechanisms of convective and non-convective cirrus clouds over the South China Sea is vital for their impact on regional climate dynamics, and enhancing predictive models...
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Projection of extreme climate change in the Asian arid region and the Tibetan Plateau in the early and middle 21st century based on NEX-GDDP-CMIP6
May 2025
In the context of global warming, it is anticipated that both the intensity and the frequency of future global extreme high precipitation (EHP) and extreme high temperature (EHT) events will increase....
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Construction and characteristic analysis of background error covariance coupled with land surface temperature
May 2025
Land surface temperature (LST) is the key variable in land–atmosphere interaction, having an important impact on weather and climate forecasting. However, achieving consistent analysis of LST and the...
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Analysis of an enhanced mountain-to-plain convective storm based on potential divergence and the advection of potential instability
Available online 29 May 2025
The enhanced mountain-to-plain convective storms in Beijing on 22 May 2021 were simulated using the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model, enabling detailed analyses of convective instability...
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Different effects of eastern and central Pacific El Niño events on the surface shortwave radiation over southern China in winter
Available online 26 May 2025
This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation (SSR) in southern China, revealing different spatial...
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Prediction of the summertime Northwest Pacific subtropical high based on ConvLSTM
Available online 26 May 2025
The Northwest Pacific subtropical high (NWPSH) significantly affects East Asian weather and climate, rendering the prediction of its intensity and location critically important. This study aims to evaluate...
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A novel deep learning-based framework for five‐day regional weather forecasting
Available online 26 May 2025
Deep learning-based methods have become alternatives to traditional numerical weather prediction systems, offering faster computation and the ability to utilize large historical datasets. However, the...
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Exploring typhoon prediction and convective bursts through integration of a numerical model after vortex initialization with AI weather forecasting
Available online 24 May 2025
Typhoon Bebinca in 2024 experienced a nearshore outbreak (a rapid intensification (RI) near the coast), making accurate forecasting of unpredictable tracks and intensities highly challenging. The AI...
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Climatological characteristics of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones along different tracks in the western North Pacific (1979–2022)
Available online 24 May 2025
Based on datasets from the International Best-Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5), the authors found that 29% of tropical cyclones...
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Research on the correlation between meteorological radar echo characteristics and lightning warning technology
Available online 22 May 2025
Based on radiosonde, lightning locator, and meteorological radar observational data in the central region of Shanxi Province from 2021 to 2024, the correlation between radar reflectivity characteristics...
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