Physically constrained AI-driven initial conditions enhance refined weather forecasting over the Tibetan Plateau
Available online 22 April 2026
To address the challenges of refined numerical weather prediction in complex terrain regions, we developed a hybrid regional forecast framework (NG-WRF) driven by NeuralGCM (NG), a physically constrained...
Design of a networked marine weather observer for typhoon observations
Available online 20 April 2026
Frequent typhoon landfalls inflict substantial losses of life and property. Their genesis, rapid intensification, and track changes remain three key challenges in typhoon research. High spatiotemporal...
Evaluating the performance of the CMA global medium-range ensemble prediction system in simulating Northern Hemisphere blocking
Available online 20 April 2026
Ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) provide valuable tools for predicting atmospheric blocking, a meteorological phenomenon capable of triggering extreme weather and climate events with substantial socioeconomic...
Spatially contrasting mid-Holocene precipitation changes over the Tibetan Plateau: Insights from 4-km convection-permitting regional simulations
Available online 17 April 2026
This study investigates mid-Holocene precipitation changes over the Tibetan Plateau using a convection-permitting regional climate model at 4-km horizontal resolution within a pseudo-global warming...
Verification of the AIFS-WRF hybrid model for precipitation forecasting in a flood period of South China
Available online 17 April 2026
A Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF)-based hybrid system, driven by Artificial Intelligence Forecasting System (AIFS) global fields and constrained by nudging, is evaluated for one-month precipitation...
Responses of mean and extreme precipitation in the arid Asian interior: A high-resolution modeling comparison of the mid-Holocene and 2 × CO2 climates
Available online 15 April 2026
By utilizing a high-resolution Earth system model (CESM), the authors evaluate the mean and extreme precipitation changes over the arid Asian interior in a warming world, forced both by orbital insolation...
Intensity and displacement of the stratospheric vortex exert distinct controls on spring Arctic stratospheric ozone
Available online 15 April 2026
In recent years, numerous studies have suggested that spring Arctic stratospheric ozone (ASO) variability has significant impacts on Northern Hemisphere climate. Accurate prediction of spring ASO changes...
Moving marine heatwaves are larger and longer-lived than stationary events
Available online 8 April 2026
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are prolonged periods of unusually high sea surface temperature (SST) and cause severe damage to marine ecosystems and regional economies. Although previous studies have identified...
Reorganization of moisture transport underpins the leading modes of East Asian summer precipitation
Available online 1 April 2026
East Asian summer precipitation (EASP) alternates interannually mainly between a meridional tripole mode (with a wet Yangtze River basin and dry north/south) and a dipole mode (with a wet south and...
Observation of Typhoon Trami (2024)-induced energy cascade from near-inertial waves to diurnal internal tides
March 2026
Energy transfers among internal waves in the northern South China Sea are not well characterized, particularly during typhoons, owing to the lack of in situ observations. Based on high-resolution mooring...
Exploring typhoon prediction and convective bursts through integration of a numerical model after vortex initialization with AI weather forecasting
March 2026
Typhoon Bebinca in 2024 experienced a nearshore outbreak (a rapid intensification (RI) near the coast), making accurate forecasting of unpredictable tracks and intensities highly challenging. The AI...
Climate change projections in Central Asia based on the CORDEX-CA-II high-resolution simulations
March 2026
This study provides potential climate projections for Central Asia (CA) based on multi-regional climate model (RCM) outputs from the Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for Central Asia...
Classification of marine heatwaves in the South China Sea and their thermodynamic features
March 2026
The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) has increased recently. However, the relative roles of thermal and dynamic processes regulating the changes of SCS MHWs remain an...
Disentangling the relative contributions of vertical pumping and horizontal transport to water-property anomalies within eddy cores in the southern Indian Ocean
March 2026
The eddies in the southernmost southern Indian Ocean exert major dynamical and biogeochemical influences on the Earth system. Therefore, disentangling the relative contributions of vertical pumping...
Analysis of an enhanced mountain-to-plain convective storm based on potential divergence and the advection of potential instability
March 2026
The enhanced mountain-to-plain convective storms in Beijing on 22 May 2021 were simulated using the high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting model, enabling detailed analyses of convective instability...
Prediction of the summertime Northwest Pacific subtropical high based on ConvLSTM
March 2026
The Northwest Pacific subtropical high (NWPSH) significantly affects East Asian weather and climate, rendering the prediction of its intensity and location critically important. This study aims to evaluate...
Climatological characteristics of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones along different tracks in the western North Pacific (1979–2022)
March 2026
Based on datasets from the International Best-Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5), the authors found that 29% of tropical cyclones...
Parametric sensitivity analysis of East Asian summer-mean precipitation simulations by perturbed parameter ensemble experiments in CAM6
March 2026
This study investigated the impacts of key parameters in CAM6’s deep convection and cloud physics schemes on the simulation of summer-mean precipitation over East Asia through conducting perturbed parameter...
An assessment of mesoscale eddies simulated by a global eddy-resolving ocean forecast system in the South China Sea
March 2026
This research evaluates the performance of an eddy-resolving forecast system (LFS) in simulating mesoscale eddies over the South China Sea (SCS) through a comparative analysis with satellite observations...
Impact of refined oceanic model resolution on the simulation of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation in LICOM3
March 2026
The present study compares the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the North Atlantic from two simulations by an oceanic general circulation model with 1° × 1° and 0.1° × 0.1° resolution,...
Combined LFS and ConvLSTM to forecast marine heatwaves: a case study
March 2026
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) significantly impact marine ecosystems and socioeconomic development, yet accurately forecasting MHWs remains a challenge. This study developed an...
Drivers of the Earth’s interhemispheric temperature gradient through the Phanerozoic Eon
Available online 27 March 2026
The interhemispheric temperature gradient (ITG) is a pivotal factor in shaping Earth’s climatic spatial patterns, modulating the position of tropical rain belts and global atmospheric circulation. Based...
Improving soil moisture simulation in arid and semi-arid regions through incorporation of soil vapor transport
Available online 23 March 2026
Soil moisture plays a central role in land–atmosphere interactions, yet land surface models commonly exhibit systematic wet biases and unrealistically slow soil drying in arid and semi-arid regions....
Breaking the computational barrier in high-resolution weather forecasting with decoupled training
Available online 20 March 2026
Achieving high-resolution global AI weather forecasts remains computationally prohibitive, constrained by extensive GPU memory demands and prolonged training times. Existing approaches impose trade-offs—balancing...
Dynamic and thermodynamic mechanisms of Miocene South Asian summer monsoon rainfall enhancement driven by African topography evolution
Available online 19 March 2026
The evolution of African topography has recently been proposed as a key driver of the multi-stage Miocene development of the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM); however, the dynamic and thermodynamic...