Increased interannual variability of temperature over China during the Last Interglacial and Last Glacial Maximum: Magnitudes and asymmetric seasonal patterns
Available online 5 March 2026
Based on multimodel simulations from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), this study analyzes the interannual variability of near-surface air temperature over China during the...
Irrigation expansion–driven amplification of moist-heat stress in dry regions
Available online 5 March 2026
The impacts of irrigation on moist-heat stress have been well-documented in intensively irrigated regions. However, the sensitivity of moist-heat stress to irrigation expansion and its relationship...
Two types of low-level jets in China during the warm season: Observational climatology from radiosonde data
Available online 2 March 2026
Low-level jets (LLJs) are widespread across China and significantly shape warm-season precipitation. This study provides the first observational climatology of two LLJ types—boundary-layer jets (BLJs)...
Changes in the impact of MJO-induced oceanic Kelvin waves on ENSO during 1981–2021
Available online 2 March 2026
The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) influences the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) primarily by exciting intraseasonal oceanic Kelvin waves that modulate the central-eastern Pacific thermocline....
Spatiotemporal impacts of different mechanisms on sea surface salinity variations during tropical cyclones in the South China Sea
Available online 28 February 2026
The sea surface salinity (SSS) responses to tropical cyclones (TCs) can indirectly modulate TC-induced cooling responses, thereby influencing the development of TC intensity. However, the contributions...
Luzon Strait heat transport and mesoscale eddies’ enhancement effect on boreal winter subsurface marine heatwaves in the South China Sea
Available online 13 February 2026
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) significantly impact marine ecosystems, yet boreal winter subsurface events remain underexplored. This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics,...
Hemispheric asymmetry of global monsoon changes during the Last Interglacial
Available online 6 February 2026
Understanding how the global monsoon responds to a warmer climate is essential for assessing future hydroclimatic changes. Based on the NorESM-F model, this study conducts paleoclimate simulations for...
Connection between wintertime total column ozone over the Tibetan Plateau and sea surface temperature over the North Pacific
Available online 4 February 2026
Using various observations and a chemistry–climate model, this study investigates the connection between wintertime total column ozone (TCO) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and sea surface temperature...
Revisiting the Holocene orbital-scale summer temperature–precipitation relationship in Northern Hemisphere land monsoon regions
Available online 2 February 2026
The summer precipitation–temperature relationship on the orbital scale in Northern Hemisphere land monsoon regions (NHLMR) during the Holocene remains debated, which has implications for the understanding...
The record-breaking compound heatwave and drought event in 2024 over the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China
Available online 2 February 2026
During August to September 2024, the Sichuan Basin in Southwest China experienced a record-breaking compound heatwave and drought event (CHDE)—the most severe since 1980. This event was characterized...
Interannual modulation of summer precipitation over North China by the coupled tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode
January 2026
Using multi-source reanalysis data, this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode (TPA-DM) and summer precipitation in North China (NCSP) on the interannual...
Forecast errors of tropical cyclone track and intensity by the China Meteorological Administration from 2013 to 2022
January 2026
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone (TC) forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022, based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological...
Different effects of eastern and central Pacific El Niño events on the surface shortwave radiation over southern China in winter
January 2026
This study investigates the distinct impacts of eastern Pacific (EP) and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events on winter shortwave solar radiation (SSR) in southern China, revealing different spatial...
Decadal shift in Northeast China’s precipitation around 2000
January 2026
Northeast China (NEC), a critical agricultural and ecological zone, has experienced intensified hydrological variability under global warming, with cascading impacts on food security and ecosystem resilience....
An effective deep-learning prediction of Arctic sea-ice concentration based on the U-Net model
January 2026
Current shipping, tourism, and resource development requirements call for more accurate predictions of the Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC). However, due to the complex physical processes involved,...
Latent and sensible heat fluxes in a very unstable atmospheric surface layer and weak-wind conditions in a tropical coastal ocean
January 2026
The atmospheric surface layer of the tropical coastal ocean is commonly very unstable and experiences weak-wind conditions. How the latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat fluxes behave under such conditions...
Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
January 2026
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
Tropical cyclone secondary eyewall width modulation: Differential impacts of surface environmental wind–vertical shear alignment and counter-alignment configurations
January 2026
This study investigates the width of the secondary eyewall (SE) immediately following its formation in tropical cyclones with surface environmental winds aligned and counter-aligned with environmental...
Mechanisms of ENSO’s cross-seasonal modulation of winter–spring atmospheric river activity over East Asia
January 2026
In this study, based on MERRA-2 reanalysis data and a multi-algorithm integrated atmospheric river (AR) identification method, the authors reveal the cross-seasonal regulation mechanism of El Niño–Southern...
A novel deep learning-based framework for five‐day regional weather forecasting
January 2026
Deep learning-based methods have become alternatives to traditional numerical weather prediction systems, offering faster computation and the ability to utilize large historical datasets. However, the...
Typhoon Kompasu (2118) simulation with planetary boundary layer and cloud physics parameterization improvements
January 2026
This study introduces a new ocean surface friction velocity scheme and a modified Thompson cloud microphysics parameterization scheme into the CMA-TYM model. The impact of these two parameterization...
Relationship between the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole and ENSO and their effect on summer precipitation in China
January 2026
Based on reanalysis data from 1979 to 2021, this study explores the spatial distribution of the Southern Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) and its individual and synergistic effects with the El Niño–Southern...
DeepOE: A physics-informed neural network for atmospheric temperature profile retrieval
Available online 27 January 2026
Existing retrieval methods based on infrared hyperspectral data still face limitations. On the one hand, physics-based iterative algorithms require multiple radiative transfer calculations, resulting...
Planetary boundary layer heights over a sharp vegetation-contrast area during the DECODE field campaign
Available online 22 January 2026
During the DEsert–Oasis COnvergence line and Deep convection Experiment (DECODE) field campaign, conducted from 5 July to 9 August 2022, an unprecedented number of daytime balloon-borne soundings were...
Nonlinear and asymmetric response of the Miocene ENSO to increasing CO2 forcing
Available online 20 January 2026
The characteristics of the Miocene El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its response to varying atmospheric CO2 levels are investigated by using the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation...