Similarities and differences between biliary sludge and microlithiasis: Their clinical and pathophysiological significances
December 2018
The terms biliary sludge and cholesterol microlithiasis (hereafter referred to as microlithiasis) were originated from different diagnostic techniques and may represent different stages of cholesterol...
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Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence: Predictors and management
December 2023
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the sixth most common cancer globally, is associated with high mortality rates and more than 830,000 annual deaths. Despite advances in the available management options...
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Iron metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A promising therapeutic target
December 2022
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, and is closely associated with the increased risk of the prevalence of obesity and diabetes....
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In-depth analysis of de novo lipogenesis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Mechanism and pharmacological interventions
December 2023
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the abnormal buildup of lipids in the liver tissue. Non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) may progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Triglycerides...
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Vitamins and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A molecular insight
June 2021
The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising rapidly across the globe. NAFLD pathogenesis is largely driven by an imbalance in hepatic energy metabolism, and at present, there...
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Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status, challenges, and prospects
June 2023
Local ablation technologies, such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA) and cryoablation, have become a standard treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) less than 5 cm...
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Hepatitis B virus as a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma: There is still much work to do
June 2024
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a significant health problem that can result in progression to liver cirrhosis, decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). On a country...
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Clinical perspectives of isoniazid-induced liver injury
June 2021
Isoniazid (INH) is a synthetic anti-mycobacterial agent used to treat active or latent tuberculosis (TB). INH has been in clinical use for nearly 70 years and remains broadly utilized at the front line...
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Dietary and nutraceutical approaches
September 2023
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined as the presence of fat accumulation in imaging or histology in more than 5% of hepatocytes and exclusion of other causes for secondary hepatic fat...
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Viral hepatitis E: Clinical manifestations, treatment, and prevention
March 2024
Hepatitis E is a globally distributed infection that varies in seroprevalence between developed and developing regions. In the less developed regions of Asia and Africa, a high seropositivity rate has...
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Alcoholic liver disease: A current molecular and clinical perspective
December 2018
Heavy alcohol use is the cause of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). The ALD spectrum ranges from alcoholic steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. In Western countries, approximately 50%...
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Up to date on cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in bile acid synthesis
June 2020
Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1, EC1.14) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in the classic bile acid synthesis pathway. Much progress has been made in understanding the transcriptional regulation...
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Genetic engineering drives the breakthrough of pig models in liver disease research
September 2024
Compared with the widely used rodents, pigs are anatomically, physiologically, and genetically more similar to humans, making them high-quality models for the study of liver diseases. Here, we review...
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Physical activity and exercise in liver cancer
March 2024
Sarcopenia and physical deconditioning are common complications in patients with liver cancer, which are frequently caused by insufficient physical activity and poor nutritional status, resulting in...
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Portal vein tumor thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma patients: Is it the end?
September 2024
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. The incidence of portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT) in HCC...
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development: A multifactorial pathogenic phenomena
June 2022
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by the accumulation of excessive intrahepatic fat, is a leading metabolic disorder also considered as the hepatic manifestation of metabolic...
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Unveiling the effect of estrogen receptors in alcoholic liver disease: A novel outlook
December 2023
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has a multifaceted development, progressing from alcoholic steatosis to alcoholic hepatitis and ultimately to alcoholic cirrhosis, irreversible liver damage that can even...
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The role of adipose tissue in fatty liver diseases
March 2018
Fatty liver disease is almost always a consequence of obesity or alcohol abuse. In both cases significant changes to adipose tissue (AT) occur, which are remarkably similar despite their different causes....
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Retinoic acid signaling in fatty liver disease
September 2023
Retinoic acid (RA) is a metabolite of vitamin A and is essential for development and growth as well as cellular metabolism. Through genomic and nongenomic actions, RA regulates a variety of physiological...
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Dysregulation of glutathione synthesis in liver disease
June 2020
Glutathione (GSH), a tripeptide that is present in all mammalian tissues, is especially highly concentrated in the liver. GSH synthesis occurs via two adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-requiring enzymatic...
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COVID-19 associated liver injury: An updated review on the mechanisms and management of risk groups
September 2023
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with various liver injury cases worldwide. To date, the prevalence, mechanism, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and outcomes of COVID-19-induced...
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Glypican-3: A molecular marker for the detection and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
December 2020
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignant tumor with a fairly poor prognosis (5-year survival of less than 50%). Using sorafenib, the only food and drug administration (FDA)-approved drug, HCC cannot...
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Long-term hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics after nucleos(t)ide analog discontinuation in patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B
September 2024
Few studies have reported hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) kinetics after nucleos(t)ide analog (NA) discontinuation in patients with noncirrhotic chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The study specifically...
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Meldonium-induced steatosis is associated with increased delta 6 desaturation and reduced elongation of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
September 2024
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered an important factor in the onset of MAFLD, whereas altered fatty...
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Outcome of bariatric surgery in patients with unexpected liver cirrhosis: A multicenter study from China
September 2024
Liver cirrhosis is a complex disease that may result in increased morbidity and mortality following bariatric surgery (BS). This study aimed to explore the outcome of BS in patients with unexpected...
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