High-dose vitamin C: A promising anti-tumor agent, insight from mechanisms, clinical research, and challenges
Available online 27 June 2025
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has sparked controversy since it first emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent. However, an increasing number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that high-dose...
Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics
July 2023
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular...
In vivo production of CAR T cell: Opportunities and challenges
November 2025
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy for patients with hematological malignancies. However, in vitro viral vector-mediated production of CAR T cells is time-consuming...
Tirzepatide, a dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist, alleviates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease by reducing the expression of CD36 and OBP2A
November 2025
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is defined by excessive hepatic lipid accumulation. This study evaluated the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of tirzepatide,...
Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk
January 2024
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled...
The hidden Markov model and its applications in bioinformatics analysis
January 2026
Big biological data contains a large amount of life science information, yet extracting meaningful insights from this data remains a complex challenge. The hidden Markov model (HMM), a statistical model...
Clinical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system: Delivery options and challenges in precision medicine
January 2024
CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective gene editing tool with broad applications for the prevention or treatment of numerous diseases. It depends on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)...
Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis
June 2018
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly...
In vivo gene therapy: A strategy for mutations, degenerations, and tumors
January 2026
Gene mutations, organ function degeneration, and carcinogenesis are the primary threats to human health. Gene therapy, which involves the addition, deletion, regulation, and editing of genes, as well...
Optimized Yamanaka factors combined with TERT gene therapy for enhanced anti-aging effects
March 2026
Pretreating and normalizing metabolomics data for statistical analysis
May 2024
Metabolomics as a research field and a set of techniques is to study the entire small molecules in biological samples. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool generally for precision medicine. Particularly,...
Age-related macular degeneration: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy
January 2022
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and is the leading cause of incurable blindness worldwide in the elderly. Clinically, AMD initially affects the central area of retina...
Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: From mechanisms to treatment strategies
Available online 11 August 2025
Over the last few decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has served as the standard chemotherapy in treating ovarian cancer (OC). While most patients initially respond well to platinum-based chemotherapy,...
Network pharmacology reveals that Yanghe Decoction inhibits osteosarcoma progression via ROS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and enhances cisplatin sensitivity
Available online 20 September 2025
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a highly aggressive bone malignancy with limited treatment options and frequent chemoresistance. Yanghe Decoction (YHD), a traditional Chinese medicine formula, has demonstrated...
Carnosine Dipeptidase(Cndp): An emerging therapeutic target for metabolic diseases and cancers
January 2026
Metabolic diseases, associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, pose a challenge to global public health and a significant burden on society. Since the discovery of carnosinase-2(CNDP2)-mediated...
Targeting fatty acid synthase to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance and to create an artificial synthetic lethality for triple-negative breast cancer
January 2026
Despite advances in cancer treatment with targeted therapies and immunotherapies, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has not significantly benefited from these developments. Although poly (ADP-ribose)...
Patient-derived xenograft models: Current status, challenges, and innovations in cancer research
September 2025
Despite advancing therapeutic treatments, cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide, with most of its patients developing drug resistance and recurrence after initial treatment. Therefore,...
Mitochondria and tumorigenesis: Molecular basis and therapeutic implications
January 2026
Mitochondria, vital organelles within cells, govern energy metabolism. They play a pivotal role in maintaining redox homeostasis and are instrumental in the initiation and transmission of cell death...
Ferroptosis: The dawn of reversing drug resistance in digestive cancers
Available online 26 September 2025
Ferroptosis, a form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, has emerged as a promising strategy to overcome resistance to chemotherapy. This review explores the mechanisms...
Differences between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma: Driver genes, therapeutic targets, and clinical efficacy
May 2025
With the rapid advancements in second-generation gene sequencing technologies, a growing number of driver genes and associated therapeutic targets have been unveiled for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and...
Crosstalk between the circadian clock, intestinal stem cell niche, and epithelial cell fate decision
November 2025
The circadian rhythm, a 24-h cycle, plays a crucial role in regulating gut physiological processes, particularly the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells, which are essential...
Decoding the impact of gut microbiota on heart failure
November 2025
Decreased cardiac output in heart failure leads to intestinal ischemia and increased permeability. Substantial changes occur in the gut microbiota, characterized by a decline in beneficial bacteria...
cGAS knockout inhibited endotoxin-induced uveitis in mice
Available online 29 July 2025
Our research focused on the impact of the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway on retinal inflammation and employed an...
Non-clinical safety considerations on genome editing using the CRISPR/Cas system
Available online 28 July 2025
Recent advances in gene editing using the CRISPR/Cas system have revolutionized genome editing, opening new horizons for human cellular and gene therapy products. Genome editing technologies are rapidly...
cTnIR193H restrictive cardiomyopathy mice satisfy high-energy metabolic demands through regulating glucose metabolism
Available online 25 July 2025
This work aims to investigate the energy metabolism in mice with restrictive cardiomyopathy induced by cardiac troponin I (cTnI) R193H mutation. Echocardiography was used to monitor cardiac function....