High-dose vitamin C: A promising anti-tumor agent, insight from mechanisms, clinical research, and challenges
March 2026
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, has sparked controversy since it first emerged as a potential anti-cancer agent. However, an increasing number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that high-dose...
Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics
July 2023
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular...
The ubiquitin system in heart and vessel pathobiology: From mechanisms to therapeutic strategies
Available online 2 January 2026
Cardiovascular disease is currently a major global challenge, and its causes are complex, encompassing genetic, lifestyle, environmental, and other factors. Ubiquitination, an important post-translational...
A parallel-risk framework accurately predicts hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcomes and identifies benefiting patients in pediatric AML
Available online 23 December 2025
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (pAML) has a poorer prognosis than acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers curative potential in high-risk or relapsed...
Network-phenotype key gene screening (NPKG) identifies therapeutically relevant targets for neurodegenerative diseases
Available online 10 January 2026
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) shares common pathogenic mechanisms with other neurodegenerative diseases, but conventional gene discovery often fails to capture the critical interplay between...
Platinum-resistant ovarian cancer: From mechanisms to treatment strategies
March 2026
Over the last few decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has served as the standard chemotherapy in treating ovarian cancer (OC). While most patients initially respond well to platinum-based chemotherapy,...
Perspectives of EGFR co-targeting with nanocarriers for anti-TNBC purposes
Available online 3 January 2026
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive and therapeutically challenging subtype of breast tumor, frequently marked by the relatively high expression of epidermal growth factor...
DNA-Based Vaccines: Advances, Applications, and Future Prospects
Available online 10 January 2026
DNA-based vaccines represent a promising advancement in immunization strategies, offering a novel approach for preventing infectious diseases and treating various conditions, including cancers and autoimmune...
Pretreating and normalizing metabolomics data for statistical analysis
May 2024
Metabolomics as a research field and a set of techniques is to study the entire small molecules in biological samples. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool generally for precision medicine. Particularly,...
Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk
January 2024
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled...
Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis
June 2018
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly...
Optimized Yamanaka factors combined with TERT gene therapy for enhanced anti-aging effects
March 2026
In vivo production of CAR T cell: Opportunities and challenges
November 2025
Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy has achieved remarkable efficacy for patients with hematological malignancies. However, in vitro viral vector-mediated production of CAR T cells is time-consuming...
Parkinson's disease: When the gears of time stiffen — The life-and-death game of circadian rhythms, sleep disorders, and neurodegeneration
Available online 9 January 2026
Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by motor symptoms and pervasive non-motor manifestations, with over 80% of patients experiencing disrupted...
Recent advances in human papillomavirus vaccines and therapeutic strategies: Combating cervical and non-cervical cancers
May 2026
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are a major cause of several cancers, particularly cervical cancer, and remain a serious public health challenge, particularly in low-resource countries. In addition to...
Mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis: The physiopathological role in cellular processes and human diseases
Available online 8 January 2026
The cytosolic fatty acid synthesis (FAS) type I pathway is widely recognized as the "classical" system in mammals. However, recent investigations have identified another highly conserved de novo fatty...
A comprehensive proteomic analysis uncovers novel molecular subtypes of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma: Identification of potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets
January 2026
Gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (GSRCC) is a distinct subtype of gastric cancer with unique epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics. However, its prognostic features and molecular landscape...
Age-related macular degeneration: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy
January 2022
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and is the leading cause of incurable blindness worldwide in the elderly. Clinically, AMD initially affects the central area of retina...
Clinical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system: Delivery options and challenges in precision medicine
January 2024
CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective gene editing tool with broad applications for the prevention or treatment of numerous diseases. It depends on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)...
Purinergic signaling in osteoarthritis: Mechanistic insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic targeting
Available online 23 December 2025
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease driven by a complex interplay of inflammation, extracellular matrix degradation, subchondral bone remodeling, and chronic pain. Purinergic signaling...
The hidden Markov model and its applications in bioinformatics analysis
January 2026
Big biological data contains a large amount of life science information, yet extracting meaningful insights from this data remains a complex challenge. The hidden Markov model (HMM), a statistical model...
Oncogenic activation of PIK3CA in cancers: Emerging targeted therapies in precision oncology
March 2025
Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are heterodimers consisting of a p110 catalytic subunit and a p85 regulatory subunit. The PIK3CA gene, which encodes the p110α, is the most frequently mutated oncogene...
Post-transcriptional regulation in intervertebral disc degeneration
Available online 12 January 2026
Intervertebral disc degeneration is the leading cause of low back pain, which is prevalent in aging individuals. Numerous pathogenic factors, including loading burden, injury, and aging, contribute...
Targeting MYC: Multidimensional regulation and therapeutic strategies in oncology
July 2025
MYC is dysregulated in approximately 70% of human cancers, strongly suggesting its essential function in cancer. MYC regulates many biological processes, such as cell cycle, metabolism, cellular senescence,...
Obesity accelerates aging: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications
Available online 11 December 2025
Global aging is increasing, and both aging and age-related diseases have emerged as significant public health challenges. According to previous literature, aging is characterized by multiple hallmarks,...
