EBM Interview: Professor Luigi T. DeLuca

Professor Luigi T. DeLuca is a distinguished expert in the field of aerospace propulsion and energetic materials. He earned his Ph.D. from Princeton University, USA in 1976 under the guidance of Prof. Martin Summerfield, the famous pioneer of rocket propulsion. Following his graduation, he served as a Professor at the Space Propulsion Laboratory (SPLab) at Politecnico di Milano in Italy, where he made significant contributions to the study of solid rocket propellants and nanoenergetic materials. Currently, he holds the position of Visiting Professor at Nanjing University of Science and Technology in China.

Throughout his illustrious career, Professor DeLuca has edited 20 books and authored more than 300 scientific publications, underscoring his extensive expertise in nanoenergetic materials and propulsion systems. Notably, he co-edited the book "Chemical Rocket Propulsion: A Comprehensive Survey of Energetic Materials," which provides an in-depth exploration of advancements in rocket propulsion technologies. In recognition of his contributions to the field, Professor DeLuca has been honored as a Fellow of the Korean Government Brain Pool Program and has held visiting professorships at various esteemed institutions.

Interview with Prof. Luigi T. DeLuca, Editor of FirePhysChem and Retired Professor of Aerospace Propulsion, Politecnico di Milano, Italy

1. Could you briefly introduce your career and key research interests in aerospace propulsion?

My career in aerospace propulsion began in 1973 as an Assistant Professor at Politecnico di Milano. I was promoted to Associate Professor in 1983 and became a Full Professor in 1989. My research has spanned several decades, with a focus on combustion phenomena in solid, hybrid propellants, high-energetic materials, and space propulsion. Over time, I have worked on advanced topics such as nanoenergetics, metallized formulations, and hybrid rocket motors, contributing to both experimental and theoretical developments in the field.

2. What motivated you to pursue aerospace propulsion as your area of expertise?

My motivation stems from a deep interest in combustion and propulsion technologies, which are integral to space exploration and aerospace engineering. Early in my academic journey, I had the privilege of working under the guidance of Prof. Martin Summerfield at Princeton University, where I completed my Ph.D. This experience significantly shaped my career trajectory, encouraging me to delve deeper into the propulsion field.

3. Could you discuss some of the key international collaborations you’ve been part of?

Over the years, I’ve had the opportunity to collaborate internationally, notably with researchers from the former Soviet Union through CNR, RAS, INTAS, and ISTC initiatives. Collaborations have also been intense with many European colleagues in the framework of European programs, such as those sponsored by the EC, ESA, EuCASS, etc. These collaborations were instrumental in advancing research in solid propellant combustion and nanoenergetics. I've also worked as a visiting scholar and scientist in countries like the USA, Japan, India, South Korea and China, expanding my research network and contributing to global advancements in propulsion science.

4. You’ve been part of numerous editorial boards for international journals. What has been your experience as an editor, and how do you see the role of academic publishing in the development of aerospace sciences?

Being on editorial boards for journals has been a rewarding experience. Academic publishing is crucial for the dissemination of cutting-edge research, and journals play a key role in shaping the direction of aerospace sciences. My editorial work has allowed me to contribute to this process by facilitating the publication of significant findings in the field.

5. What are the current challenges and opportunities you see in aerospace propulsion research, especially in terms of nanoenergetics and space propulsion?

The challenges in aerospace propulsion lie in optimizing energy efficiency and respect for the environment, improving the safety and reliability of propulsion systems, and advancing new materials such as nanoenergetics. While these challenges are substantial, they also present opportunities for innovation, especially in areas like in-space propulsion, hybrid motors, and the use of dual metal formulations. With continued research and collaboration, I believe we can overcome these hurdles and pave the way for the future of space exploration.

6. How do you envision the future of aerospace propulsion?

The future of aerospace propulsion will likely focus on sustainability, enhanced energy performance, and the miniaturization of systems for both commercial and scientific space missions. Advances in materials science, particularly nanoenergetics, will play a pivotal role in developing more efficient, compact, and safer propulsion systems. Additionally, collaboration between academia, industry, and international partners will be critical in achieving these goals.

7. What advice would you offer to young researchers aspiring to make a mark in the field of aerospace propulsion?

My advice is to remain curious and persistent. The field of aerospace propulsion is challenging but full of potential for those willing to push boundaries. Focus on building a strong foundation in combustion theory, materials science, and propulsion technologies, and seek out international collaborations and mentors. Lastly, never stop learning and adapting, as the field is constantly evolving.

8. How important is interdisciplinary collaboration in advancing research in aerospace propulsion and combustion science?

Interdisciplinary collaboration is absolutely essential in aerospace propulsion and combustion science. The challenges we face today—whether improving propulsion efficiency, reducing environmental impact, or developing new materials—are too complex to be solved by a single discipline. Over the course of my career, I have seen significant advances when experts from fields like materials science, chemistry, physics, and engineering come together. My work on nanoenergetic materials, for instance, required collaboration with chemists for material synthesis, engineers for practical application, and physicists for understanding combustion dynamics. This cross-pollination of ideas accelerates innovation and opens new avenues for solving longstanding problems.

9. What are the key qualities you look for when reviewing a manuscript for FirePhysChem?

When I review manuscript for FirePhysChem, I look for three key qualities: originality, scientific rigor, and relevance. Originality is crucial—authors must contribute new knowledge or present a novel perspective. Scientific rigor is non-negotiable; experiments must be conducted with precision, and data must be analyzed with a clear methodology. Lastly, relevance to the field is important. The manuscript must contribute meaningfully to ongoing conversations in combustion science, energetic materials, or propulsion systems. I also value clarity of presentation—complex ideas should be conveyed in a way that is accessible to readers across related disciplines.

10. How can early-career researchers improve their chances of getting their work published in high-impact journals?

For early-career researchers aiming to publish in high-impact journals, there are a few key strategies. First, focus on producing high-quality, novel research. Journals are looking for manuscripts that advance the field in a meaningful way. Next, presentation is critical—ensure that your manuscript is well-structured, clearly written, and logically flows from introduction to conclusion. A rigorous methodology with reproducible results is also essential. Finally, don’t underestimate the importance of networking and collaboration. Engaging with more experienced researchers or peers in your field can provide feedback that helps improve the quality of your submissions.

11. What advice would you give to researchers on how to write a compelling and scientifically sound manuscript?

To write a compelling and scientifically sound manuscript, the first step is to ensure clarity and organization. Start with a strong introduction that contextualizes your research and highlights its importance. Your methodology should be detailed enough for others to reproduce your results, and your analysis should be thorough but concise. Always present your data transparently—don’t leave room for ambiguity. I also recommend having a clear narrative that guides the reader through your research, explaining why each step was taken and how your conclusions were reached. Lastly, proofreading is critical; a well-polished manuscript leaves a lasting impression.

12. Can you share your views on the peer review process and how it can be improved for greater efficiency and quality?

The peer review process is vital for maintaining the integrity of scientific research, but there is always room for improvement. One area that could benefit from more attention is the speed of the review process. Delays in reviewing manuscripts can slow down the dissemination of important findings. I believe implementing more stringent deadlines for reviewers, as well as incentivizing timely reviews, could help improve efficiency. Additionally, ensuring that manuscripts are reviewed by experts with deep knowledge of the subject matter is critical. Specialized reviewers can provide more insightful feedback, leading to higher-quality publications.

13. How do you maintain a balance between accepting innovative manuscripts and ensuring rigorous scientific standards?

Balancing innovation with rigorous scientific standards is a delicate process. On one hand, we want to encourage groundbreaking research that pushes the boundaries of what’s possible in fields like propulsion and combustion science. On the other hand, we must ensure that these ideas are supported by solid evidence and sound scientific principles. I always ask myself two questions when reviewing an innovative manuscript: Is the idea supported by enough data to warrant publication? And does it hold the potential to significantly advance the field? If the answer to both is yes, then I am inclined to support the publication, provided it also meets all scientific rigor requirements.

Thanks to Prof. DeLuca for sharing his insights and experiences. His contributions to aerospace propulsion continue to inspire the next generation of researchers.