Compound extreme events and health risks in China: A review
September 2025
Against the backdrop of global warming, China has been facing increasingly frequent and severe extreme weather and climate events, with a prominent risk of compound extreme events induced by interactions...
A dual-weighted loss function for lightning nowcasting
May 2026
Lightning associated with severe convective weather poses a significant threat to public safety and infrastructure. While traditional numerical weather prediction and statistical methods have limitations...
Exploring typhoon prediction and convective bursts through integration of a numerical model after vortex initialization with AI weather forecasting
March 2026
Typhoon Bebinca in 2024 experienced a nearshore outbreak (a rapid intensification (RI) near the coast), making accurate forecasting of unpredictable tracks and intensities highly challenging. The AI...
Surface flux–induced salinity change and its effects on ocean stratification in response to global warming
January 2026
Global warming induced by increased CO2 has caused marked changes in the ocean. Previous estimates of ocean salinity change in response to global warming have considerable ambiguity, largely attributable...
Nonlinear and asymmetric response of the Miocene ENSO to increasing CO2 forcing
Available online 20 January 2026
The characteristics of the Miocene El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its response to varying atmospheric CO2 levels are investigated by using the fully coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation...
Nowcasting of cloud-to-ground lightning location and frequency based on a deep learning technique
May 2026
Predicting lightning that can cause power grid trips is significant for disaster prevention. This paper integrates cloud-to-ground lightning detection, water vapor and infrared channel as well as channel...
Luzon Strait heat transport and mesoscale eddies’ enhancement effect on boreal winter subsurface marine heatwaves in the South China Sea
Available online 13 February 2026
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) significantly impact marine ecosystems, yet boreal winter subsurface events remain underexplored. This study investigates the spatiotemporal characteristics,...
State of China’s climate in 2024
September 2025
The year 2024 witnessed remarkable climatic anomalies across China, characterized by pronounced warm and wet conditions. The annual mean temperature soared to a record high since 1951, with seasonal...
The ocean response to climate change guides both adaptation and mitigation efforts
July 2022
The ocean's thermal inertia is a major contributor to irreversible ocean changes exceeding time scales that matter to human society. This fact is a challenge to societies as they prepare for the consequences...
Heatwaves induce blood pressure elevations in elderly hypertensive populations: Evidence from a panel study
Available online 4 December 2025
Climate change has intensified extreme heat events, increasing cardiovascular risk, especially among older individuals with hypertension, due to compromised thermoregulation and vascular function. This...
Climatological characteristics of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones along different tracks in the western North Pacific (1979–2022)
March 2026
Based on datasets from the International Best-Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) and the fifth major global reanalysis produced by ECMWF (ERA5), the authors found that 29% of tropical cyclones...
Classification of marine heatwaves in the South China Sea and their thermodynamic features
March 2026
The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the South China Sea (SCS) has increased recently. However, the relative roles of thermal and dynamic processes regulating the changes of SCS MHWs remain an...
3D DBSCAN detection and parameter sensitivity of the 2022 Yangtze river summertime heatwave and drought
July 2023
Spatially and temporally accurate event detection is a precondition for exploring the mechanisms of climate extremes. To achieve this, a classical unsupervised machine learning method, the DBSCAN (Density-Based...
Heat waves in summer 2022 and increasing concern regarding heat waves in general
January 2023
Image, graphical abstract...
U-Net: A deep-learning method for improving summer precipitation forecasts in China
July 2023
A deep-learning method named U-Net was applied to improve the skill in forecasting summer (June–August) precipitation for at a one-month lead during the period 1981–2020 in China. The variables of geopotential...
State-of-the-art vegetation models overestimate gross primary productivity responses to drought
Available online 9 January 2026
Climate change has a substantial impact on ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP), but the specific roles of different climatic drivers across various vegetation types remain unclear. This study...
The extreme windstorm of April 2025 in northern and central-eastern China: Historical ranking and synoptic origins
November 2025
In mid-April 2025, northern and central-eastern China experienced a catastrophic compound disaster marked by Beaufort 8 or greater wind gusts affecting ∼3.5 × 106 km2, exposing ∼610 million residents...
Assessment of global meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought under future warming based on CMIP6
January 2022
Quantifying the changes and propagation of drought is of great importance for regional eco-environmental safety and water-related disaster management under global warming. In this study, phase 6 of...
Classification and mechanisms for different types of marine heatwaves in the western Indian Ocean during the past three decades
Available online 17 October 2025
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the western Indian Ocean (WIO) have become more intense and frequent since the 1990s, but the underlying mechanisms driving different types of MHWs have not yet been investigated....
State of China's climate in 2023
September 2024
China witnessed a warm and dry climate in 2023. The annual surface air temperature reached a new high of 10.71°C, with the hottest autumn and the second hottest summer since 1961. Meanwhile, the annual...
Simulated carbon cycle response to ocean iron fertilization and artificial ocean alkalinization
Available online 23 September 2025
Ocean iron fertilization (OIF) and artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) are two proposed ocean-based carbon dioxide removal methods to mitigate the effects of anthropogenic climate change. In this...
An effective deep-learning prediction of Arctic sea-ice concentration based on the U-Net model
January 2026
Current shipping, tourism, and resource development requirements call for more accurate predictions of the Arctic sea-ice concentration (SIC). However, due to the complex physical processes involved,...
Interannual modulation of summer precipitation over North China by the coupled tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode
January 2026
Using multi-source reanalysis data, this study examines the relationship between the tropical Pacific–Atlantic SST Dipole Mode (TPA-DM) and summer precipitation in North China (NCSP) on the interannual...
DeepOE: A physics-informed neural network for atmospheric temperature profile retrieval
Available online 27 January 2026
Existing retrieval methods based on infrared hyperspectral data still face limitations. On the one hand, physics-based iterative algorithms require multiple radiative transfer calculations, resulting...
Deep learning in extracting tropical cyclone intensity and wind radius information from satellite infrared images—A review
July 2023
Tropical cyclones (TCs) seriously endanger human life and the safety of property. Real-time monitoring of TCs has been one of the focal points in meteorological studies. With the development of space...