Open Access

This journal is a peer reviewed, fully open access journal owned by Central South University, who retains copyright of the overall compiled journal and the compiled issues. The article is universally and freely accessible via the internet in perpetuity, in an easily readable format immediately after publication. To provide open access, this journal has an open access fee (also known as an Article Processing Charge, APC) which needs to be paid by the authors or on their behalf e.g. by their research funder or institution. The APC for this journal is USD 800, excluding taxes. For all papers submitted before 31st December 2027, the APC will be waived making it free to submit to the journal.

Access Rights
All articles published open access will be immediately and permanently free for everyone to read, download, copy and distribute.

User Rights
Permitted third party reuse is defined by the following user license:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0):
Allows users to copy and distribute the Article, provided this is not done for commercial purposes and further does not permit distribution of the Article if it is changed or edited in any way, and provided the user gives appropriate credit (with a link to the formal publication through the relevant DOI), provides a link to the license, and that the licensor is not represented as endorsing the use made of the work. The full details of the license are available at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ .

Author RightsFor open access publishing, this journal uses a licensing agreement. Authors will retain copyright alongside scholarly usage rights, and KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. and Central South University will be granted exclusive publishing and distribution rights.

Contact Detail
Dr. Zhenru Shu
Email: awe@csu.edu.cn