Cancer chemotherapy and beyond: Current status, drug candidates, associated risks and progress in targeted therapeutics
July 2023
Cancer is an abnormal state of cells where they undergo uncontrolled proliferation and produce aggressive malignancies that causes millions of deaths every year. With the new understanding of the molecular...
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Clinical applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome-editing system: Delivery options and challenges in precision medicine
January 2024
CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective gene editing tool with broad applications for the prevention or treatment of numerous diseases. It depends on CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)...
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Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis
June 2018
As the most commonly occurring cancer in women worldwide, breast cancer poses a formidable public health challenge on a global scale. Breast cancer consists of a group of biologically and molecularly...
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Canonical and noncanonical Wnt signaling: Multilayered mediators, signaling mechanisms and major signaling crosstalk
January 2024
Wnt signaling plays a major role in regulating cell proliferation and differentiation. The Wnt ligands are a family of 19 secreted glycoproteins that mediate their signaling effects via binding to Frizzled...
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Age-related macular degeneration: Epidemiology, genetics, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and targeted therapy
January 2022
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex eye disorder and is the leading cause of incurable blindness worldwide in the elderly. Clinically, AMD initially affects the central area of retina...
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Pretreating and normalizing metabolomics data for statistical analysis
May 2024
Metabolomics as a research field and a set of techniques is to study the entire small molecules in biological samples. Metabolomics is emerging as a powerful tool generally for precision medicine. Particularly,...
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The role of m6A RNA methylation in autoimmune diseases: Novel therapeutic opportunities
January 2024
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications, as one of the most common forms of internal RNA chemical modifications in eukaryotic cells, have gained increasing attention in recent years. The m6A RNA modifications...
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling in development and human diseases
September 2014
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) are a group of signaling molecules that belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily of proteins. Initially discovered for their ability to induce...
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Clinical heterogeneity of NLRP12-associated autoinflammatory diseases
May 2023
Nod-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing protein 12 (NLRP12) is one of the critical pattern recognition receptors which participates in the regulation of multiple inflammatory responses. Mutations...
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The Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) signaling in cancer development and immune diseases
May 2021
The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) family of transcription factors plays an essential role as stressors in the cellular environment, and controls the expression of important regulatory genes such as...
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Targeting RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK signaling pathway in human cancer: Current status in clinical trials
January 2023
Molecular target inhibitors have been regularly approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for tumor treatment, and most of them intervene in tumor cell proliferation and metabolism. The RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK...
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A new emerging target in cancer immunotherapy: Galectin-9 (LGALS9)
November 2023
Over the past few decades, advances in immunological knowledge have led to the identification of novel immune checkpoints, reinvigorating cancer immunotherapy. Immunotherapy, represented by immune checkpoint...
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Recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 vector in gene therapy: Opportunities and challenges
January 2024
In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been made in the field of gene therapy. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the most promising gene therapy vectors and a powerful tool for delivering...
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Mechanism of PARP inhibitor resistance and potential overcoming strategies
January 2024
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) are a kind of cancer therapy that targets poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. PARPi is the first clinically approved drug to exert synthetic lethality by obstructing the DNA single-strand...
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The organization and function of the Golgi apparatus in dendrite development and neurological disorders
November 2023
Dendrites are specialized neuronal compartments that sense, integrate and transfer information in the neural network. Their development is tightly controlled and abnormal dendrite morphogenesis is strongly...
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Structure, function, and pathology of Neurexin-3
September 2023
Neurexin-3 is primarily localized in the presynaptic membrane and forms complexes with various ligands located in the postsynaptic membrane. Neurexin-3 has important roles in synapse development and...
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A comprehensive review of animal models for cancer cachexia: Implications for translational research
November 2024
Cancer cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive weight loss and a disease process that nutritional support cannot reverse. Although progress has been made in preclinical research,...
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Dirty environment for adult life: The bad, the good, the unknown
September 2016
We know the bad things of dirty environment which is associated with infectious diseases. In this Research Watch, we discuss the good and the unknown of dirty environment, based on a recent Nature paper....
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Temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma multiforme
September 2016
Temozolomide (TMZ) is an oral alkylating agent used to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and astrocytomas. However, at least 50% of TMZ treated patients do not respond to TMZ. This is due primarily...
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The biogenesis and secretion of exosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs): Intercellular shuttles and implications in human diseases
September 2023
Exosomes carry and transmit signaling molecules used for intercellular communication. The generation and secretion of exosomes is a multistep interlocking process that allows simultaneous control of...
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The evolving roles of Wnt signaling in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, the development of human diseases, and therapeutic opportunities
May 2024
The evolutionarily conserved Wnt signaling pathway plays a central role in development and adult tissue homeostasis across species. Wnt proteins are secreted, lipid-modified signaling molecules that...
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Drugging IGF-1R in cancer: New insights and emerging opportunities
January 2023
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis plays important roles in cancer development and metastasis. The type 1 IGF receptor (IGF-1R) is a key member in the IGF axis and has long been recognized for...
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The Traf2 and NcK interacting kinase inhibitor NCB-0846 suppresses seizure activity involving the decrease of GRIA1
May 2024
Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders, is characterized by spontaneous recurrent seizures. Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common medically intractable seizure disorders....
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