Effects of binder systems on the 3D printability and combustion performance of Al/AP energetic composites
Available online 20 January 2026
In order to investigate the influence of different binder systems on the adaptability to 3D printing processes and combustion performance, this study selected hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)...
Modeling of Sustainable B/B4C/Bi2O3 Pyrotechnic Compositions Using RSM
Available online 19 January 2026
Pyrotechnic compositions are energetic materials with highly application-specific formulations, whose combustion behavior remains difficult to mathematically model due to complex multivariate interactions....
Ignition and combustion characteristics of gel TMEDA and liquid WFNA in a hypergolic system
Available online 19 January 2026
•Hypothesis was formulated for ignition and combustion mechanism of TMEDA and WFNA•Increasing fuel particle fall height reduces the ignition delay time•Ignition delay time and burnout time reduced with...
Enhance the fracture toughness of RDX-based propellant: design of mussel-activated RDX surface functionalized coating
Available online 16 January 2026
•The fracture toughness of nitramine propellant was effectively improved by RDX surface functionalized coating design.•The interface interaction can be regulated by controlling the particle size of...
A high energetic cocrystal with extremely similar molecular structures
Available online 16 January 2026
•A large block-shaped energetic cocrystal of 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclootane (HMX) and its key precursor and structural analogue 1-nitroso-3,5,7-trinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclootane (MNX)...
Micron and Nano Iron Particles: Experimental Investigation of Size Dependent Combustion in Ethanol Slurries and Bimetallic Thermite
Available online 11 January 2026
•The study analyzes distinct combustion behaviors of micron- and nano-sized iron particles technology in ethanol and thermite.•Micron Fe in ethanol forms porous shells, enhancing burning.•Nano Fe enables...
3D Printing and Performance Study of CL-20-based Composite Energetic Materials with PVA/PAA/M-PTW Networks
Available online 9 January 2026
•Developed a PVA/PAA/M-PTW interpenetrating polymer network binder enabling strong, flexible, and safe CL-20-based composites.•Achieved precise 3D structuring of energetic materials via direct ink writing...
Impact of Particle Size Gradation on the Performance of Nitroguanidine Gun Propellants
Available online 9 January 2026
•High-performance propellants were prepared by using NQ with different particle size gradations.•The mechanical properties of NQ was studied by different methods.•An impressive enhancement mechanism...
NTB – a Green Energetic Molecule with Extreme Performance
Available online 5 January 2026
•NTB (bis[2,2-dinitro-2-(5-nitrotetrazol-2-yl)ethyl]nitramide) emerges as a green energetic compound capable of theoretically surpassing the 10,000 m/s detonation velocity threshold, reaching an estimated...
Micro-Explosion and Recycling of an Iron-Ethanol-Kerosene Slurry Fuel
Available online 5 January 2026
•Kerosene coating delays Fe oxidation by up to ∼95°C.•5 wt% ethanol triples burn rate, halves combustion time.•Micro-explosions peak at ∼19,707 s⁻¹ in 10 µm slurries.•Closed loop: burn → H₂ reduce → FAST...
Aging effects on mechanical properties, plasticizer loss, and molar mass distribution of double base propellants
Available online 2 January 2026
This work examines how aging alters the mechanical and chemical properties of double base propellants. Three formulations naturally aged for up to 20 years were analyzed through thermomechanical analysis,...
Metallic Composite Energetic Materials (MCEMs)
December 2025
Advanced kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of sewage sludge combustion: A study of non-isothermal reaction mechanisms and energy recovery
December 2025
•Thermochemical methods reduce sewage sludge (SS) volume while recovering energy.•Study identifies six SS combustion stages via deconvolution analysis.•Isoconversional methods used to determine activation...
Impact of aluminum powder content on explosion fireball expansion and shock wave propagation in HMX-based aluminized explosives
December 2025
This study aims to investigate the effects of different aluminum (Al) powder contents on the expansion process of the explosion fireball and the propagation characteristics of shock waves in 1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane...
Study on erosion prediction model of high-energy gun propellant based on machine learning
December 2025
The erosion characteristics is an important reference index that affects the popularization and application of RDX-based high-energy gun propellant containing energetic plasticizer Diazidonitrazapentane...
Preparation and performance characterization of HMX/F2602/GQDs microspheres by spray drying method
December 2025
GQDs possess numerous active sites, nano-microstructures, and photo-induced conductivity characteristics. In this study, spray drying technology was employed to explore the application of graphene quantum...
Thermal decomposition behavior and safety assessment of Diazidoglyoxime (DAzG) synthesis for TKX-50 production: A calorimetric and risk classification study
December 2025
Diazidoglyoxime (DAzG), a pivotal intermediate in the synthesis of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bis-tetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)—a high-energy-density explosive with growing applications in defense and...
Study on mechanical properties of PBT matrix composites reinforced with surface-modified recycled glass fiber for propellant liner applications
December 2025
The development of flame-retardant composites with outstanding mechanical features is critical for enhancing the safety and performance of propellant liners in solid rocket motors. This study investigates...
Evaluation of burning rate in ECSP based on the voltage, pressure and initial temperature
December 2025
Electrically controlled solid propellants (ECSP) have attracted extensive attention due to the tunable burning rate. The burning rate of ECSP determines the applying background of propellants and rocket...
Modeling and optimization of pyrotechnic compositions using central composite design and response surface methodology
December 2025
This study focuses on optimizing pyrotechnic compositions containing boron (B) and boron carbide (B4C) as fuels and bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) as the oxidizer. A Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response...
Encapsulation of micron-scale aluminum with pluralistic magnetic metallic nanoparticles and its combustion performance
December 2025
Aluminum (Al) is often used as a metal fuel in solid propellants, whereas Co, Fe and Ni are used as combustion rate catalysts in solid propellants. However, owing to the oxide layer on the surface of...
Dynamically cross-linked CL-20-based energetic films: a high-adhesion solution for PyroMEMS
Available online 24 December 2025
The development of miniaturized, flexible MEMS pyrotechnic devices necessitates advanced fabrication techniques. Herein, a strategy is reported that leverages the integration of ink-jet printing and...
Synthesis of a new energetic material with high density and detonation performance based on pyrazole–triazole backbones
Available online 19 December 2025
In this work, a relatively mild nitration method inducing the cleavage of the acetic acid group on the triazole ring was employed to synthesize a series of pyrazole–triazole based energetic compounds,...
The modified Kamlet and Jacobs approach for rapidly predicting the Equation of State and Chapman–Jouguet point of High Explosives
Available online 12 December 2025
We propose here the modified Kamlet and Jacobs equation, RoseModKJ (Reparametrization of the slope for expansion adiabats), to predict the pressure at different relative volumes across the expansion...
Minimum burning pressure test of bulk emulsion for the purpose of introducing UN test into JIS
Available online 9 December 2025
The authors performed minimum burning pressure (MBP) test on ammonium nitrate emulsions (ANEs) to validate the test procedure for incorporating the United Nations (UN) 8(e) test into the Japanese Industrial...